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<title>Keycard lock</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Keycard lock</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Key card" redirects here. For the contactless payment system, see <a href="SEPTA_Key" title="SEPTA Key">SEPTA Key</a>.</div>

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<p>A <b>keycard lock</b> is a <a href="Lock_(security_device)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lock (security device)">lock</a> operated by a <b>keycard</b>, a flat, rectangular <a href="Plastic_card" title="Plastic card">plastic card</a>. The card typically, but not always, has identical dimensions to that of a <a href="Credit_card" title="Credit card">credit card</a>, that is <a href="ISO/IEC_7810#ID-1" title="ISO/IEC 7810">ID-1 format</a>. The card stores a physical or digital pattern that the door mechanism accepts before disengaging the lock.

</p><p>There are several common types of keycards in use, including the mechanical holecard, <a href="Barcode" title="Barcode">barcode</a>, <a href="Magnetic_stripe_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetic stripe card">magnetic stripe</a>, <a href="Wiegand_effect" title="Wiegand effect">Wiegand</a> wire embedded cards, <a href="Smart_card" title="Smart card">smart card</a> (embedded with a read/write electronic <a href="Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">microchip</a>), <a href="Radio-frequency_identification" title="Radio-frequency identification">RFID</a>, and <a href="Near-field_communication" title="Near-field communication">NFC</a> proximity cards.

</p><p>Keycards are frequently used in <a href="Hotel" title="Hotel">hotels</a> as an alternative to mechanical keys.

</p><p>The first commercial use of key cards was to raise and lower the gate at automated parking lots where users paid a monthly fee.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2></div>

<p>Keycard systems operate by physically moving detainers in the locking mechanism with the insertion of the card, by shining <a href="Light-emitting_diode" title="Light-emitting diode">LEDs</a> through a pattern of holes in the card and detecting the result, by swiping or inserting a magnetic stripe card, or in the case of RFID or NFC cards, merely being brought into close proximity to a sensor. Keycards may also serve as <a href="Identity_document" title="Identity document">ID cards</a>, or as part of an NFC system, have the code transmitted to a <a href="Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">mobile phone</a> to be placed into a <a href="Digital_wallet" title="Digital wallet">digital wallet</a> system such as <a href="Apple_Pay" title="Apple Pay">Apple Pay</a> or <a href="Google_Pay_(2018%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="Google Pay (2018–2022)">Google Pay</a>, negating the need for a physical keycard.

</p><p>Many electronic access control locks use a <a href="Wiegand_interface" title="Wiegand interface">Wiegand interface</a> to connect the card swipe mechanism to the rest of the electronic entry system.

</p><p>Newer keycard systems use <a href="Radio-frequency_identification" title="Radio-frequency identification">radio-frequency identification</a> (RFID) technology such as the TLJ infinity.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_card_readers">Types of card readers</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mechanical">Mechanical</h3></div>

<p>Mechanical keycard locks employ detainers which must be arranged in pre-selected positions by the <a href="Lock_and_key" title="Lock and key">key</a> before the <a href="Deadbolt" title="Deadbolt">bolt</a> will move. This was a mechanical type of lock operated by a plastic key card with a pattern of holes. There were 32 positions for possible hole locations, giving approximately 4.3 billion different keys. The key could easily be changed for each new guest by inserting a new key template in the lock that matched the new key.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In the early 1980s, the key card lock was electrified with LEDs that detected the holes.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wiegand_cards">Wiegand cards</h3></div>

<p>Since the keycode is permanently set into the card at manufacture by the positions of magnetic wires, <a href="Wiegand_effect" title="Wiegand effect">Wiegand cards</a> cannot be erased by magnetic fields or reprogrammed as magnetic stripe cards can. Many electronic access control locks use a <a href="Wiegand_interface" title="Wiegand interface">Wiegand interface</a> to connect the card swipe mechanism to the rest of the electronic entry system.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magnetic_stripe">Magnetic stripe</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Magnetic_stripe_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetic stripe card">Magnetic stripe card</a></div>

<p>Magnetic stripe (sometimes "strip") based keycard locks function by running the magnetic stripe over a sensor that reads the contents of the stripe. The stripe's contents are compared to those either stored locally in the lock or those of a central system. Some centralized systems operate using hardwired connections to central controllers while others use various frequencies of radio waves to communicate with the central controllers. Some have the feature of a mechanical (traditional key) bypass in case of loss of power.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Passive_RFID">Passive RFID</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Radio-frequency_identification" title="Radio-frequency identification">Radio-frequency identification</a></div>

<p>RFID cards contain a small chip and induction loop which the transmitter on the keycard reader can access. The main advantages with RFID cards is that they do not need to be removed from the wallet or pass holder - as the keycard reader can usually read them from a few inches away.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Access_control">Access control</h2></div>

<p>In the case of the hotel room lock, there is no central system; the keycard and the lock function in the same tradition as a standard key and lock. However, if the card readers communicate with a central system, it is the system that unlocks the door, not the card reader alone.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This allows for more control over the locks; for example, a specific card may only work on certain days of the week or time of day. Which locks can be opened by a card can be changed at any time. Logs are often kept of which cards unlocked doors at what times.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Privacy">Privacy</h2></div>

<p>Computerized authentication systems, such as key cards, raise <a href="Privacy" title="Privacy">privacy</a> concerns, since they enable <a href="Computer_and_network_surveillance" title="Computer and network surveillance">computer surveillance</a> of each entry. RFID cards and key fobs are becoming increasingly popular due to their ease of use. Many modern households have installed <a href="Electronic_lock" title="Electronic lock">digital locks</a> that make use of key cards, in combination with <a href="Biometrics" title="Biometrics">biometric</a> <a href="Fingerprint" title="Fingerprint">fingerprint</a> and keypad PIN options. Offices have also slowly installed <a href="Electronic_lock" title="Electronic lock">digital locks</a> that integrate with key cards and biometric technology.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <wbr><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Access_control_systems" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Access control systems">Access control systems</a></b></i> and <wbr><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Electronic_locks" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Electronic locks">Electronic locks</a></b></i>.</div></div>

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<div class="gallerytext">A hotel entry card used to enable a light switch</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Illustrated instructions for use of mag stripe key card</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Access control utilizing magnetic strip technology</div>

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<ul><li><a href="Access_control" title="Access control">Access control</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AeADAAAAMBAJ&dq=1954+Popular+Mechanics+January&pg=PA94">"Key Card Inserted In Slot Opens Gate At Automated Parking Lot."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170301011835/https://books.google.com/books?id=AeADAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA94&dq=1954+Popular+Mechanics+January&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CFMiT_23OIGvgwf68vjqCA&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBQ">Archived</a> 2017-03-01 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Popular Science</i>, August 1954, p. 94, mid page.</span>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US4149394">"US patent 4,149,394: Lock arrangement employing mechanically acting code card and key card"</a>. <i>Google Patents</i>. IFI CLAIMS Patent Services. April 17, 1979. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150129054239/http://www.google.com/patents/US4149394">Archived</a> from the original on January 29, 2015.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kabalodging.com/media/1399576/v4/File/kaba-lodging-access-control-solutions-m3660.pdf">"Dormakaba USA | for every place that matters"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170608103108/http://www.kabalodging.com/media/1399576/v4/File/kaba-lodging-access-control-solutions-m3660.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2017-06-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-28</span></span>.</cite> pg9</span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWidness2014" class="citation web cs1">Widness, Brett (21 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urbanland.uli.org/economy-markets-trends/kisi-brings-keycard-technology-smartphones/">"Bringing Keycard Technology To Smartphones"</a>. <i>Urban Land Institute</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150602231438/http://urbanland.uli.org/economy-markets-trends/kisi-brings-keycard-technology-smartphones/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

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</style><div id="Locks,_locksmithing,_lock_picking,_and_security_alarms721" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Lock_and_key" title="Lock and key">Locks</a>, <a href="Locksmithing" title="Locksmithing">locksmithing</a>, <a href="Lock_picking" title="Lock picking">lock picking</a>, and <a href="Security_alarm" title="Security alarm">security alarms</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fundamental concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Access_control" title="Access control">Access control</a></li>

<li><a href="Authentication" title="Authentication">Authentication</a></li>

<li><a href="Key_control" title="Key control">Key control</a></li>

<li><a href="Key_duplication" title="Key duplication">Key duplication</a></li>

<li><a href="Key_relevance" title="Key relevance">Key relevance</a></li>

<li><a href="Master_keying" title="Master keying">Master keying</a></li>

<li><a href="Password" title="Password">Password</a></li>

<li><a href="Physical_security" title="Physical security">Physical security</a></li>

<li><a href="Rekeying" title="Rekeying">Rekeying</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lock hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bitting_(key)" title="Bitting (key)">Bitting</a></li>

<li><a href="Interchangeable_core" title="Interchangeable core">Interchangeable core</a></li>

<li><a href="Key_blank" title="Key blank">Key blank</a></li>

<li><a href="Key_retainer" title="Key retainer">Key retainer</a></li>

<li><a href="Lockrod" title="Lockrod">Lockrod</a></li>

<li><a href="Lockset" title="Lockset">Lockset</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bored_cylindrical_lock" title="Bored cylindrical lock">Bored cylindrical lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Mortise_lock" title="Mortise lock">Mortise lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Single-point_locking" title="Single-point locking">Single-point locking</a></li>

<li><a href="Three-point_locking" title="Three-point locking">Three-point locking</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Keys</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Berlin_key" title="Berlin key">Berlin key</a></li>

<li><a href="Keychain" title="Keychain">Keychain</a></li>

<li><a href="Skeleton_key" title="Skeleton key">Skeleton key</a></li>

<li><a href="Smart_key" title="Smart key">Smart key</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mechanical locks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Warded_lock" title="Warded lock">Warded lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Pin_tumbler_lock" title="Pin tumbler lock">Pin tumbler lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Disc_tumbler_lock" title="Disc tumbler lock">Disc tumbler lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Lever_tumbler_lock" title="Lever tumbler lock">Lever tumbler lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Magnetic_keyed_lock" title="Magnetic keyed lock">Magnetic keyed lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Padlock" title="Padlock">Padlock</a></li>

<li><a href="Combination_lock" title="Combination lock">Combination lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Rotary_combination_lock" title="Rotary combination lock">Rotary combination lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Time-delay_combination_locks" title="Time-delay combination locks">Time-delay combination locks</a></li>

<li><a href="Tubular_pin_tumbler_lock" title="Tubular pin tumbler lock">Tubular pin tumbler lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Wafer_tumbler_lock" title="Wafer tumbler lock">Wafer tumbler lock</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electronic locks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Electromagnetic_lock" title="Electromagnetic lock">Electromagnetic lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Electronic_lock" title="Electronic lock">Electronic lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Electric_strike" title="Electric strike">Electric strike</a></li>

</ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other lock types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bicycle_lock" title="Bicycle lock">Bicycle lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Bramah_lock" title="Bramah lock">Bramah lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Chubb_detector_lock" title="Chubb detector lock">Chubb detector lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Child_safety_lock" title="Child safety lock">Child safety lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Kensington_Security_Slot" title="Kensington Security Slot">Kensington Security Slot</a></li>

<li><a href="Latch" title="Latch">Latch</a></li>

<li><a href="Luggage_lock" title="Luggage lock">Luggage lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Power_door_locks" title="Power door locks">Power door locks</a></li>

<li><a href="Protector_lock" title="Protector lock">Protector lock</a></li>

<li><a href="Real-estate_lock_box" title="Real-estate lock box">Real-estate lock box</a></li>

<li><a href="Steering-wheel_lock" title="Steering-wheel lock">Steering-wheel lock</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Lock_picking" title="Lock picking">Lock picking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Lock_bumping" title="Lock bumping">Lock bumping</a></li>

<li><a href="Locksport" title="Locksport">Locksport</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Door" title="Door">Door hardware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Door_chain" title="Door chain">Door chain</a></li>

<li><a href="Door_closer" title="Door closer">Door closer</a></li>

<li><a href="Door_frame" title="Door frame">Door frame</a></li>

<li><a href="Door_furniture" title="Door furniture">Door furniture</a></li>

<li><a href="Door_security" title="Door security">Door security</a></li>

<li><a href="Doorknob" class="mw-redirect" title="Doorknob">Doorknob</a></li>

<li><a href="Doorstop" title="Doorstop">Doorstop</a></li>

<li><a href="Hinge" title="Hinge">Hinge</a></li>

<li><a href="Night_latch" title="Night latch">Night latch</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Emergency access/exit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Crash_bar" title="Crash bar">Crash bar</a></li>

<li><a href="Electromagnetic_door_holder" title="Electromagnetic door holder">Electromagnetic door holder</a></li>

<li><a href="Emergency_exit" title="Emergency exit">Emergency exit</a></li>

<li><a href="Emergency_light" title="Emergency light">Emergency light</a></li>

<li><a href="Exit_control_lock" title="Exit control lock">Exit control lock</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Security_alarm" title="Security alarm">Security alarms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alarm_device" title="Alarm device">Alarm device</a></li>

<li><a href="Alarm_monitoring_center" title="Alarm monitoring center">Alarm monitoring center</a></li>

<li><a href="Car_alarm" title="Car alarm">Car alarm</a></li>

<li><a href="Card_reader" title="Card reader">Card reader</a></li>

<li><a href="Closed-circuit_television" title="Closed-circuit television">Closed-circuit television</a></li>

<li><a href="Fingerprint_scanner" title="Fingerprint scanner">Fingerprint scanner</a></li>

<li><a href="Glass_break_detector" title="Glass break detector">Glass break detector</a></li>

<li><a href="Heat_detector" title="Heat detector">Heat detector</a></li>

<li><a href="Key_switch" title="Key switch">Key switch</a></li>

<li><a href="Keypad" title="Keypad">Keypad</a></li>

<li><a href="Miniature_snap-action_switch" title="Miniature snap-action switch">Miniature snap-action switch</a></li>

<li><a href="Motion_detector" title="Motion detector">Motion detector</a></li>

<li><a href="Occupancy_sensor" title="Occupancy sensor">Occupancy sensor</a></li>

<li><a href="Passive_infrared_sensor" title="Passive infrared sensor">Passive infrared sensor</a> (PIR)</li>

<li><a href="Perimeter_intrusion_detection" title="Perimeter intrusion detection">Perimeter intrusion detection</a></li>

<li><a href="Photoelectric_sensor" title="Photoelectric sensor">Photoelectric sensor</a></li>

<li><a href="Piezo_switch" title="Piezo switch">Piezo switch</a></li>

<li><a href="Pressure_switch" title="Pressure switch">Pressure switch</a></li>

<li><a href="Proximity_card" title="Proximity card">Proximity card</a></li>

<li><a href="Reed_switch" title="Reed switch">Reed switch</a></li>

<li><a href="Tripwire" title="Tripwire">Tripwire</a></li>

<li><a href="Ultrasonic_transducer" title="Ultrasonic transducer">Ultrasonic transducer</a></li>

<li><a href="Vandal-resistant_switch" title="Vandal-resistant switch">Vandal-resistant switch</a></li>

<li><a href="Water_detector" title="Water detector">Water detector</a></li>

<li><a href="Window_security" title="Window security">Window security</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Glossary_of_locksmithing_terms" title="Glossary of locksmithing terms">Glossary of locksmithing terms</a></li>

<li><a href="John_M._Mossman_Lock_Museum" title="John M. Mossman Lock Museum">John M. Mossman Lock Museum</a></li>

<li><a href="Lock_Museum" title="Lock Museum">Lock Museum</a></li>

<li><a href="Lock_Museum_of_America" title="Lock Museum of America">Lock Museum of America</a></li>

<li><a href="Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_Serrure" title="Musée de la Serrure">Musée de la Serrure</a></li>

<li><a href="Puzzle_lock" title="Puzzle lock">Puzzle lock</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category:Locksmithing</li>

<li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Locks_(security_devices)" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Locks (security devices)">Locks</a></b></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-01-09" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Keycard_lock&oldid=1268328722">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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